集合框架 -- HashTable
HashTable
和HashMap相似,不过HashTable是线程安全的
与HashMap的区别
- HashTable线程安全
- HashMap允许key和value为空,HashTable不允许保存null
- HashMap的迭代器是fail-fast(不允许迭代的过程中出现数据的修改),HashTable的迭代器是enumerator,允许迭代器本身的remove方法(同样不支持别的线程进行修改操作)
基础源码
public class Hashtable<K,V>
extends Dictionary<K,V>
implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {
private transient Entry<?,?>[] table; //用于存储数据的数组桶
private transient int count; //entry数量
private int threshold; //扩容阈值
private float loadFactor; //填充因子
private transient int modCount = 0;
}
相比HashMap来说HashTable就没有再定义那么多的默认值了(默认长度之类的)
构造函数
public Hashtable() {
this(11, 0.75f);
}
public Hashtable(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Load: "+loadFactor);
if (initialCapacity==0)
initialCapacity = 1;
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
table = new Entry<?,?>[initialCapacity];
threshold = (int)Math.min(initialCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);
}
- 如果不指定长度的话,默认的数组长度是11
- 这里的table数组会在构造函数中就初始化
- 这里的threshold会真正的取数组长度*填充因子
put方法
public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {
// Make sure the value is not null
if (value == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
// Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> entry = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for(; entry != null ; entry = entry.next) {
if ((entry.hash == hash) && entry.key.equals(key)) {
V old = entry.value;
entry.value = value;
return old;
}
}
addEntry(hash, key, value, index);
return null;
}
private void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int index) {
modCount++;
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
if (count >= threshold) {
// Rehash the table if the threshold is exceeded
rehash();
tab = table;
hash = key.hashCode();
index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
}
// Creates the new entry.
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>) tab[index];
tab[index] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
count++;
}
- 这里的put方法用synchronized进行了修饰以确保线程安全
- 对数据进行数组桶位映射使用的方法是
(hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length和HashMap不同,这里的hash是直接算出来的hash值,而HashMap的hash还进过了特殊处理,这里hash & 0x7FFFFFFF是如果hash为负转为正数,然后对table长度取模, 两种方式的特点,简单的说位运算销量比数学运算效率高,HashMap的优化度更高 - HashTable看起来没有使用红黑树而只有链表的方式
- 如果key已存在则进行更新,如果key不存在则插入新的数据(entry),且每次插入一个entry的时候count累加1,当count数量大于阈值的时候进行刷新(扩容)
扩容
protected void rehash() {
int oldCapacity = table.length;
Entry<?,?>[] oldMap = table;
// overflow-conscious code
int newCapacity = (oldCapacity << 1) + 1;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) {
if (oldCapacity == MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
// Keep running with MAX_ARRAY_SIZE buckets
return;
newCapacity = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}
Entry<?,?>[] newMap = new Entry<?,?>[newCapacity];
modCount++;
threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);
table = newMap;
for (int i = oldCapacity ; i-- > 0 ;) {
for (Entry<K,V> old = (Entry<K,V>)oldMap[i] ; old != null ; ) {
Entry<K,V> e = old;
old = old.next;
int index = (e.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % newCapacity;
e.next = (Entry<K,V>)newMap[index];
newMap[index] = e;
}
}
}
这个很简单,判断一下扩容后的大小不能超过最大长度(具体控制条件看一下上面代码就行),扩展数组长度后将数据重新通过映射算法进行分发(数组长度边了,映射到的位置也就发生了变化)
get方法
public synchronized V get(Object key) {
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
return (V)e.value;
}
}
return null;
}
get方法就很简单了,直接进行遍历
